Knowledge Is Power for Pros Navigating the A2L Transition

The residential HVAC industry is entering a new era as it shifts from widely used high-GWP (Global Warming Potential) HFC refrigerants (hydrofluorocarbons), such as the popular R410A, to a new class of refrigerants called A2Ls, including R32 and R454B. As many of you are aware, this mandatory transition is fast approaching. Starting January 1, any equipment manufactured in or shipped into the United States must comply with the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 2020.

Over the next several months, contractors will notice new A2L equipment in the marketplace, and distributors will likely carry a mix of R410A and A2L inventory. However, beginning January 1, 2026, R410A split systems can no longer be installed, while packaged units can continue to be installed through the end of 2027.

Arming yourself with knowledge in advance can help you embrace what’s coming and set you up for success.

Why is the A2L transition happening?

The switch to A2L refrigerants is driven by the need to reduce environmental impact and comply with international and local regulations aimed at lowering global warming potential. A2Ls, with their lower GWP, are a step toward reducing the HVAC industry’s carbon footprint while maintaining efficiency.

What’s different about A2Ls?

A2L refrigerants are classified as mildly flammable, unlike the nonflammable R410A or its predecessor R22. While this sounds alarming, in practice, the risks are minimal when handled correctly. The safety measures you’ll need to follow are mostly updates to your existing practices. Some of those key differences are discussed below.

How will the A2L transition impact my work?

Many contractors have asked how this transition will change their day-to-day work and how they can prepare themselves and their technicians for success. The truth is that many processes will remain familiar, but there are some key differences to keep in mind.

Installation

• Leak Detection: Leak detectors enable indoor fans to circulate the air to prevent high refrigerant concentrations. For some applications, they also stop refrigerant flow from the outdoor unit. All ducted systems with more than 3.9 pounds of A2L refrigerant will require leak detectors. For non-ducted systems, follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding the need for leak sensors based on the indoor system type, total charge and room size.

• System Compatibility: R410A systems are not compatible with A2L refrigerants such as R454B. If you plan on retrofitting, ensure the system is fully compliant with A2L standards. New systems will require specific equipment to handle A2L’s mildly flammable properties and comply with building codes.

• Charging Practices: While R32, a single-component refrigerant, acts like R22 in terms of charging, R454B, as a blend, will require careful attention to subcooling adjustments to account for its glide. Digital gauges can help simplify this process.

Tools and Equipment

For most contractors, this transition won’t mean a total overhaul of your tools. Many HVAC tools bought within the last five years are already A2L-compatible. Here’s what you should check:

• Manifolds, Gauges and Hoses: Ensure you have gauges that read the specific A2L refrigerant you’re working with and refrigerant-specific hoses for your manifold.

• Vacuum Pumps: You’ll need a non-sparking, A2L-approved vacuum pump.

• Recovery Machines: Verify your recovery machine is A2L-approved and equipped with non-sparking technology.

• Recovery Tanks: These will look slightly different, with a gray body, a red-striped band and reverse-thread adapters for safety. Be sure you’re using these tanks correctly to avoid potential issues.

Tools that don’t touch the A2L refrigeration circuits can stay the same.

A2L refrigerants require proper training to ensure safety. Mild flammability requires a layer of precaution, but the risk can be managed with the right knowledge. It’s critical to get certified on the safe handling of A2L refrigerants, understanding where risks may arise and how to prevent them.

Most of your existing knowledge transfers over, but here are the new things you will need to learn:

• How to handle mildly flammable refrigerants safely

• How to install enhanced ventilation systems where needed

• How to use leak detection systems

Will it cost more?

In the short term, A2L refrigerants may come with higher initial costs due to production and supply adjustments, but prices are expected to stabilize as the market adapts. Additionally, energy savings from the improved efficiency of A2L systems can offset upfront costs over time.

There may also be a learning curve in terms of labor and training, but as you become more familiar with the new refrigerants and their requirements, this will smooth out. Be sure to explore potential rebates or incentives that can help reduce the cost of adopting environmentally friendly systems.

Talking to Homeowners

One of the most important aspects of this transition will be communicating with homeowners. They’ll want reassurance about safety and savings. Highlight that A2L refrigerants offer improved energy efficiency, reduced environmental impact and potentially lower utility bills in the long run.

Make sure to explain that while A2Ls are mildly flammable, they’re safe when installed and maintained properly, following the latest industry standards. This will help build trust and confidence in the systems you’re installing.

How can manufacturers support contractors?

Manufacturers play a critical role in helping contractors adapt. Many manufacturers are developing products that are designed to be easy to install and maintain, minimizing disruptions to your current processes.

To further support contractors, manufacturers often provide comprehensive training programs, both online and in person, to ensure you are equipped with the knowledge needed to handle the new refrigerants safely and efficiently. These programs help contractors stay informed about evolving industry standards and best practices. Some, such as the GE Appliances Air & Water Learning Academy, offer specialized training on new product features, safety measures and regulatory compliance.

Embrace the Change

While the A2L transition may seem daunting, with the right training and tools, it’s an opportunity to lead the industry into the next phase of sustainability. This change isn’t just about regulations — it’s about improving energy efficiency, reducing environmental impact and preparing for the future. Knowledge is power, and by staying ahead of the curve, you can continue to deliver value to your customers and grow your business in an evolving industry.