The residential HVAC industry is entering a new era as it shifts from widely used high-GWP (Global Warming Potential) HFC refrigerants (hydrofluorocarbons), such as the popular R410A, to a new class of refrigerants called A2Ls, including R32 and R454B. As many of you are aware, this mandatory transition is fast approaching. Starting January 1, any equipment manufactured in or shipped into the United States must comply with the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 2020.
Over the next several months, contractors will notice new A2L equipment in the marketplace, and distributors will likely carry a mix of R410A and A2L inventory. However, beginning January 1, 2026, R410A split systems can no longer be installed, while packaged units can continue to be installed through the end of 2027.
Arming yourself with knowledge in advance can help you embrace what’s coming and set you up for success.
Why is the A2L transition happening?
The switch to A2L refrigerants is driven by the need to reduce environmental impact and comply with international and local regulations aimed at lowering global warming potential. A2Ls, with their lower GWP, are a step toward reducing the HVAC industry’s carbon footprint while maintaining efficiency.
What’s different about A2Ls?
A2L refrigerants are classified as mildly flammable, unlike the nonflammable R410A or its predecessor R22. While this sounds alarming, in practice, the risks are minimal when handled correctly. The safety measures you’ll need to follow are mostly updates to your existing practices. Some of those key differences are discussed below.